Impacted lower third molar classification and difficulty index assessment: comparisons among dental students, general practitioners and deep learning model assistance

Table 6 Comparison of the performance tests according to the angulation, class, position, difficulty index of the ILTM, and time duration for GPs and DSs, with and without the best-performing CNN model assistance

Performance test, mean (SD)	Best CNN model	Without CNN-assistance	With CNN-assistance	P value^a	Without CNN-assistance	With CNN-assistance	P value^a	Without CNN-assistance	With CNN-assistance
Performance test, mean (SD)	Best CNN model	GPs, (N = 35)		P value^a	DSs, (N = 35)		P value^a	P value (GP vs. DS)^b
Accuracy
Angulation	0.94	0.88 (0.05)	0.95 (0.03)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.05)	0.94 (0.05)	< 0.001	0.426	0.412
Class	0.94	0.67 (0.10)	0.86 (0.08)	< 0.001	0.67 (0.10)	0.81 (0.11)	< 0.001	0.922	0.035
Position	0.90	0.71 (0.05)	0.79 (0.05)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.07)	0.85 (0.06)	< 0.001	0.262	< 0.001
Difficulty index	0.96	0.74 (0.05)	0.88 (0.06)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.05)	0.86 (0.07)	< 0.001	0.849	0.364
Kappa score
Angulation	0.92	0.83 (0.07)	0.93 (0.04)	< 0.001	0.82 (0.07)	0.92 (0.07)	< 0.001	0.525	0.437
Class	0.87	0.40 (0.12)	0.72 (0.14)	< 0.001	0.39 (0.12)	0.61 (0.20)	< 0.001	0.807	0.010
Position	0.85	0.54 (0.09)	0.68 (0.08)	< 0.001	0.58 (0.11)	0.77 (0.09)	< 0.001	0.143	< 0.001
Difficulty index	0.93	0.58 (0.08)	0.81 (0.09)	< 0.001	0.58 (0.08)	0.78 (0.11)	< 0.001	0.873	0.319
Duration (min)
Angulation	0.10	4.01 (0.89)	2.59 (0.59)	< 0.001	4.44 (1.30)	2.84 (0.73)	< 0.001	0.118	0.124
Class	0.03	4.16 (1.05)	3.05 (0.79)	< 0.001	4.86 (1.49)	3.80 (1.06)	< 0.001	0.027	0.001
Position	0.10	3.70 (0.81)	2.61 (0.59)	< 0.001	4.02 (1.25)	2.68 (0.95)	< 0.001	0.209	0.713
Total	0.23	11.88 (1.73)	8.25 (1.46)	< 0.001	13.31 (2.81)	9.32 (2.40)	< 0.001	0.013	0.029

ISSN: 1472-6831