Table 1 Patients’ eligibility criteria

Adult patients aged 17 to 25 years.

Open bite due to under-eruption of anterior teeth, without skeletal components.

Skeletal open bite as measured on lateral cephalograms (MMA>32°, SNMP> 37°).

Decreased incisal show or reversed smile arc, indicating the need for incisors’ extrusion.

Skeletal class 1 or mild to moderate skeletal class 2, only mild skeletal class 3.

Severe skeletal class 2 and moderate to severe class 3 that are indicated for extractions and/or orthognathic surgery.

Dental open bite ranging between 3–8 mm.

Moderate to severe crowding that would necessitate teeth extraction

Normal incisal show at rest and on smiling.

Medically compromised patients, or those using chronic medications that might affect the extent or rate of tooth movement.

Full set of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth.