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Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression of cost-related delayed oral health care, predisposing, enabling and need factors

From: The association between predisposing, enabling and need factors and oral health care utilization among U.S. working age adults

Variable

Odds ratio

95% C. I

p-value

Predisposing Factors

   

Race

   

 NH White

-

  

 NH Black

0.95

0.80, 1.13

0.574

 Hispanic

1.20

1.04, 1.38

0.012*

 NH Asian

0.82

0.65, 1.02

0.083

 NH Other

0.87

0.66, 1.13

0.305

Educational Status

   

 Less than high school

-

  

 High school or GED

1.10

0.92, 1.32

0.264

 College

1.09

0.91, 1.30

0.318

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

0.87

0.72, 1.10

0.200

Unemployed

0.81

0.72, 0.92

0.002**

Smoker

1.47

1.33, 1.62

< 0.001***

Age

1.00

0.99, 1.00

0.580

Male

0.70

0.63, 0.78

< 0.001***

Enabling Factors

   

HSD factors

   

 No Health insurance

2.96

2.56, 3.42

< 0.001***

 No usual medical- primary care provider

1.31

1.12, 1.52

0.001**

 >12 since last medical exam

1.15

1.02, 1.31

0.023*

Income

   

 <100%

-

  

 100–199% FPL

1.11

0.94, 1.31

0.184

 200–399% FPL

0.90

0.76, 1.06

0.214

 >400% FPL

0.43

0.36, 0.51

< 0.001***

Need factors

   

Limited amount of work

1.12

0.97, 1.29

0.106

Difficulty engaging in social activity

1.59

1.34, 1.88

< 0.001***

Difficulty running errands

0.84

0.67, 1.05

0.128

1 or more comorbidities

1.33

1.18, 1.50

< 0.001***

  1. Controlling for covariates: Health status (Excellent, very good, good, fair, poor), marital status, nativity, Region (Northeast, Northcentral/Midwest, South, West). *= p-value < 0.05, **=p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. NH = Non-Hispanic, GED = general educational diploma. HSD = health service deficits, Unweighted total = 17, 513; Weighted total = 184, 146,405