Table 2 Description of the selected studies
Study (year) | Study design | Robot system | The working principle of camera | Implant system | Autonomous/ semi-active | Patients /Implants | Age (years) | State of dentition | Global platform deviation (mm) | Global apex deviation (mm) | Angular deviation (°) | Complications | Control group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fan Yang et al. (2024) [36] | Randomized clinical trial | Theta | Infrared ray | Straumann Nobel PCC | Semi-active | 70/70 | 35.6 ± 12.3 | Single tooth lost | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0.85 ± 0.48 | 2.05 ± 1.33 | None | Freehand |
Ningbo Zhao et al. (2024) [26] | Retrospective case series | Remebot | Visible light | Straumann BLT Astra EVS Nobel Replace CC BEGO RSX | Autonomous | 15/20 | 32.07 ± 6.90 | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism | 0.75 ± 0.20 | 0.70 ± 0.27 | 1.17 ± 0.73 | None | / |
Yu Wu et al. (2024) [41] | Case series | FZ-DISAS-I | Infrared ray | Straumann | Autonomous | 74/86 | 23–65 (45) | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism | 0.61 ± 0.20 | 0.79 ± 0.32 | 2.56 ± 1.10 | NR | / |
Jun Li et al. (2024) [35] | Retrospective clinical study | Remebot | Visible light | NR | Autonomous | 21/33 | 41.14 ± 16.49 | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism | 0.62 ± 0.28 | 0.65 ± 0.27 | 1.46 ± 0.57 | NR | Freehand, S-CAIS |
MiaoZhen Wang et al. (2024) [44] | Prospective clinical study | Yakebot | Infrared ray | NR | Autonomous | 13/20 | NR | Partially edentulism | 0.65 ± 0.32 | 0.66 ± 0.34 | 1.52 ± 1.01 | NR | / |
Rui Xie et al. (2024) [45] | Prospective clinical study | YaZhi, YakeRobot | Infrared ray | Astra Tech EV Nobel Parallel CC | Autonomous | 12/102 | 35–71 (59.8) | Fully edentulism | 0.53 ± 0.19 | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 1.83 ± 0.82 | None | / |
Jay M. Neugarten et al. (2024) [42] | Large case series | Yomi | Mechanical tracking | Straumann BLX Nobel active Prima Plus Paltop External Hex Co-Axis | Semi-active | 108/273 | 19–92 (57) | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism & fully edentulism | 1.10 ± 0.69 | 1.12 ± 0.69 | 1.42 ± 1.53 | NR | / |
Sihui Zhang et al. (2023) [37] | Retrospective clinical study | Remebot | Visible light | Astra TX Bicon Nobel active or replace (PMC) Straumann BL or BLT Weigo | Autonomous | 39/62 | 50.21 ± 17. 82 | Partially edentulism | 0.68 ± 0.36 | 0.69 ± 0.36 | 1.37 ± 0.92 | None | D-CAIS |
Jun-Yu Shi et al. (2023) [24] | Randomized clinical trial | Theta | Infrared ray | Straumann BLT | Semi-active | 10/10 | 47.5 (13.5) | Single tooth lost | 1.27 ± 0.46 | 1.47 ± 0.62 | 3.64 ± 2.99 | None | Freehand |
Ping Li et al. (2023) [25] | Case series | Remebot | Visible light | NR | Autonomous | 10/59 | 34–89 (57.3 ± 13.7) | Fully edentulism | 0.67 ± 0.37 | 0.69 ± 0.37 | 1.27 ± 0.59 | None | / |
Wenxue Wang et al. (2023) [38] | Retrospective clinical study | Yakebot | Infrared ray | Straumann BL. | Autonomous | 5/36 | 61.20 ± 7.43 | Fully edentulism | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 0.65 ± 0.22 | 1.43 ± 1.18 | None | S-CAIS |
Shi-Chong Qiao et al. (2023) [40] | Case series | Langyue | Infrared ray | Nobel Active or CC | Semi-active | 19/19 | 46.7 (9.9) | Single tooth lost | 0.54 ± 0.17 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.79 ± 0.22 | None | / |
2/9 | Fully edentulism | 0.53 ± 0.17 | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.77 ± 0.26 | |||||||||
Wei Chen et al. (2023) [46] | Prospective, single-arm clinical trial | Dencore, | Infrared ray | Straumann BL | Semi-active | 28/31 | NR | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism | 0.53 ± 0.23 | 0.53 ± 0.24 | 2.81 ± 1.13 | NR | S-CAIS, D-CAIS |
Shasha Jia et al. (2023) [39] | Retrospective clinical study | Yakebot | Infrared ray | Straumann BLX | Autonomous | 20/30 | NR | Single tooth lost & partially edentulism | 0.43 ± 0.18 | 0.56 ± 0.18 | 1.48 ± 0.59 | None | S-CAIS |
Shuo Yang et al. (2023) [43] | Case series | Remebot | Visible light | Axiom PX or REG Straumann BLT or BL Astra TX | Autonomous | 10/10 | 38.8 ± 20.3 | Single tooth lost | 0.74 ± 0.29 | 0.73 ± 0.28 | 1.11 ± 0.46 | None | / |
Scotty L. Bolding et al. (2021) [47] | Prospective single-arm clinical study | Yomi | Mechanical tracking | NR | Semi-active | 5/38 | 47–65 (57) | Fully edentulism | 1.04 ± 0.70 | 0.95 ± 0.73 | 2.56 ± 1.48 | None | / |