Table 3 The status of other variables of families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (n = 248)

Perceived social support

12

64.04 ± 12.49

22

84

12 ~ 84

76.24%

 Family supports

4

22.23 ± 4.52

4

28

4 ~ 28

79.39%

 Friends supports

4

20.62 ± 4.98

6

28

4 ~ 28

73.64%

 Other supports

4

21.20 ± 4.47

6

28

4 ~ 28

75.71%

Hope

12

39.04 ± 4.68

23

48

12 ~ 48

81.33%

 Temporality and future

4

13.08 ± 1.83

8

16

4 ~ 16

81.75%

 Positive readiness and expectancy

4

13.07 ± 1.72

6

16

4 ~ 16

81.69%

 Interconnectedness

4

12.88 ± 1.71

8

16

4 ~ 16

80.50%

Resilience

14

75.42 ± 14.34

14

98

14 ~ 98

77.0%

 Personal ability

10

53.26 ± 10.57

10

70

10 ~ 70

76.1%

 Positive cognition

4

22.16 ± 4.53

4

28

4 ~ 28

79.1%

Parenting Stress

36

84.37 ± 21.67

36

146

60 ~ 180

46.87%

 Parent distress

12

30.19 ± 8.29

12

54

12 ~ 60

50.32%

 Parent–child dysfunctional interaction

12

25.40 ± 8.15

12

48

12 ~ 60

42.33%

 Difficult child

12

28.78 ± 8.38

12

52

12 ~ 60

47.97%

Coping

45

168.54 ± 25.10

112

225

45 ~ 225

74.9%

 Maintaining family unity, cooperation and optimism

19

79.65 ± 9.99

46

95

19 ~ 95

83.8%

 Understanding the disease through consulting medical personnel and communicating with other parents

18

60.52 ± 12.10

34

90

18 ~ 90

67.2%

 Seeking social support, maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability

8

28.38 ± 6.64

10

40

8 ~ 40

71.0%

optimism

6

16.60 ± 2.72

10

24

0 ~ 24

69.17%