The role of parenting stress and perceived social support in affecting family function among families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate: a path analysis based on the family adjustment and adaptation response model

Table 4 Correlation analysis of dimensions in family environment scale for families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (n = 248)

Variables	Cohesion	Expressiveness	Conflict	Independence	Achievement orientation	Intellectual cultural orientation	Active-recreational orientation		Organization	Control
resilience	0.158^*	0.058	−0.135 ^*	0.079	0.142^*	0.270^**	0.197^**	0.202^**	0.186^**	0.112
perceived social support	0.301^**	0.271^**	−0.242 ^**	−0.106	−0.030	0.180^**	0.225^**	0.185^**	0.146^*	0.036
hope	0.297^**	0.192^**	−0.161 ^*	0.034	0.097	0.217^**	0.258^**	0.159^*	0.192^**	0.103
optimism	0.210^**	0.146^*	−0.031	−0.056	−0.056	0.221^**	0.195^**	−0.014	0.038	−0.130 ^*
parenting stress	−0.405 ^**	−0.303 ^**	0.312^**	0.103	0.012	−0.328 ^**	−0.402 ^**	−0.083	−0.202 ^**	−0.007
coping	0.211^**	0.233^**	−0.036	0.042	0.084	0.415^**	0.432^**	0.139^*	0.196^**	0.219^**

Cohesion, Expressiveness, Conflict, Independence, Achievement orientation, Intellectual cultural orientation, Active-recreational orientation, Moral-religious emphasis, Organization and Control are dimensions in family environment scale
^*P < 0.05
^**P < 0.01
^*** P < 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6831