Table 4 The relationship between the studied variables and the RAS in univariate and multiple regression

Gender

Female

1.33

1.23–1.44

< 0.001

1.05

0.94–1.16

0.39

Male

Ref

Age (years)

≥ 50

0.63

0.59–0.69

< 0.001

0.78

0.71–0.86

< 0.001

< 50

Ref

Wealth Scale Index

Very Poor

0.68

0.60–0.76

< 0.001

0.74

0.65–0.84

< 0.001

Poor

0.76

0.76–0.86

< 0.001

0.85

0.74–0.97

0.02

Moderate

0.85

0.75–0.96

0.007

0.89

0.79–1.01

0.08

Good

0.99

0.89–1.12

0.93

0.95

0.84–1.07

0.42

Very Good

Ref

Educational level

Under diploma

0.63

0.56–0.72

< 0.001

0.83

0.71–0.96

0.01

Diploma

0.85

0.74–0.97

0.02

0.95

0.83–1.10

0.50

University

Ref

Place of residence

Rural

0.96

0.89–1.05

0.36

-

-

-

Urban

Ref

Tooth brushing frequency (per day)

≥ 1

0.70

0.64–0.76

< 0.001

1.02

0.93–1.13

0.66

< 1

Ref

Smoking

Never

Ref

Ex-smoker

0.69

0.59–0.80

< 0.001

0.79

0.67–0.93

0.01

Smoker

0.51

0.45–0.58

< 0.001

0.55

0.47–0.63

< 0.001

Alcohol Consumption

Yes

0.65

0.47–0.89

0.007

0.89

0.64–1.25

0.50

No

Ref

Genital Aphthous

Yes

29.73

16.73–52.84

< 0.001

28.93

16.18–51.72

< 0.001

No

Ref

Hypertension

Yes

0.81

0.74–0.90

< 0.001

0.91

0.82–1.02

0.10

No

Ref

Diabetes

Yes

0.79

0.70–0.90

< 0.001

0.90

0.79–1.03

0.11

No

Ref

Depression

Yes

1.43

1.30–1.58

< 0.001

1.36

1.22–1.51

< 0.001

No

Ref

Rheumatic Disease

Yes

1.38

1.14–1.68

0.001

1.30

1.06–1.59

0.01

No

Ref

Chronic Headaches

Yes

1.14

1.02–1.27

0.02

0.94

0.84–1.06

0.34

No

Ref

Chronic Lung Disease

Yes

1.21

1.00-1.47

0.06

1.21

0.99–1.48

0.67

No

Ref

Thyroid Disease

Yes

1.18

1.04–1.35

0.01

1.00

0.87–1.15

0.98

No

Ref

Anemia

Yes

1.11

0.94–1.30

0.23

-

-

-

No

Ref

Multiple sclerosis

Yes

1.64

0.66–4.07

0.28

-

-

-

No

Ref

Epilepsy

Yes

1.04

0.69–1.56

0.85

-

-

-

No

Ref

Folic acid supplement

Yes

1.45

1.09–1.93

0.01

1.02

0.75–1.39

0.89

No

Ref

Iron supplement

Yes

1.45

1.20–1.75

< 0.001

1.14

0.94–1.39

0.19

No

Ref

Vitamin D (Tablet) supplement

Yes

1.29

0.94–1.76

0.12

1.06

0.77–1.48

0.71

No

Ref

Vitamin D (injection) supplement

Yes

1.63

1.10–2.41

0.02

0.32

0.88–1.98

0.18

No

Ref

Zinc supplement

Yes

1.31

1.06–1.62

0.01

1.18

0.94–1.48

0.15

No

Ref

Multi-vitamine supplement

Yes

1.20

0.79–1.83

0.39

-

-

-

No

Ref

Food Allergy

Yes

1.39

1.24–1.55

< 0.001

1.24

1.10–1.40

< 0.001

No

Ref

Body mass index (kg/m²)

< 18.5

0.92

0.56–1.51

0.74

1.16

0.70–1.94

0.57

25-29.9

1.07

0.97–1.19

0.18

1.00

0.90–1.11

0.95

30≥

0.97

0.88–1.08

0.58

0.88

0.79–0.99

0.03

18.5–24.9

Ref

DMFT³

-

0.98

0.97–0.98

< 0.001

0.99

0.98–0.99

< 0.001