Fig. 1

Evaluation of a general machine learning model, which included all cephalometric and demographic variables (gender, age). 1-I: Accuracy and reliability (kappa) of different machine learning models (RF, KNN, SVM, LDA, CART, GLM), The X-axis shows the Accuracy and Kappa scores (95% confidence interval), for each model. 1-II: Importance of each parameter in the machine learning model (RF), X-axis shows the prediction importance score of the assessed parameters. Y-axis shows the list of the assessed parameters. 1-III: Confusion matrix to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the RF model in classifying patients as skeletal class I or II. The X-axis shows the class prediction, and the Y-axis shows the number of identified patients in each classification