Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of NHANES participants with and without circadian syndrome
Variables | Overall (N = 15,966) | Without circadian syndrome (N = 9939) | Circadian syndrome (n = 6027) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.309 |
 Female | 7896 (50.95%) | 4796 (50.52%) | 3100 (51.80%) |  |
 Male | 8070 (49.05%) | 5143 (49.48%) | 2927 (48.20%) |  |
Age (years) | 52.18 ± 13.98 | 49.50 ± 13.41 | 57.56 ± 13.55 | < 0.001 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | 0.402 |
 Non-Hispanic White | 7501 (71.96%) | 4623 (71.66%) | 2878 (72.54%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 3374 (9.78%) | 2093 (9.62%) | 1281 (10.10%) |  |
 Mexican American | 2383 (7.11%) | 1487 (7.32%) | 896 (6.69%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 1430 (4.89%) | 873 (4.97%) | 557 (4.73%) |  |
 Other | 1278 (6.26%) | 863 (6.43%) | 415 (5.93%) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 < High school | 3909 (15.71%) | 2179 (13.85%) | 1730 (19.45%) |  |
 High school | 3739 (24.42%) | 2176 (22.12%) | 1563 (29.03%) |  |
 > High school | 8304 (59.82%) | 5578 (64.00%) | 2726 (51.46%) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Married/Cohabiting | 10,247 (69.72%) | 6611 (71.72%) | 3636 (65.70%) |  |
 Never married | 1652 (8.94%) | 1127 (9.71%) | 525 (7.39%) |  |
 Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 4058 (21.29%) | 2196 (18.52%) | 1862 (26.82%) |  |
Family PIR | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 ≤ 1.3 | 3912 (15.29%) | 2203 (13.48%) | 1709 (18.92%) |  |
 1.3–3.5 | 5586 (32.54%) | 3369 (30.76%) | 2217 (36.12%) |  |
 > 3.5 | 5052 (45.51%) | 3478 (49.22%) | 1574 (38.07%) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Nonsmokers | 8350 (52.58%) | 5469 (55.15%) | 2881 (47.42%) |  |
 Former smokers | 4433 (28.18%) | 2460 (25.76%) | 1973 (33.02%) |  |
 Current smokers | 3178 (19.22%) | 2007 (19.07%) | 1171 (19.52%) |  |
Drinking status | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Never drinking in the past year | 5301 (27.38%) | 2877 (23.86%) | 2424 (34.43%) |  |
 Drinking in the past year | 10,644 (72.54%) | 7054 (76.11%) | 3590 (65.39%) |  |
Vigorous activity | 5385 (37.92%) | 3882 (43.47%) | 1503 (26.78%) | < 0.001 |
Moderate activity | 9540 (65.48%) | 6281 (68.67%) | 3259 (59.11%) | < 0.001 |
High dietary quality | 6144 (38.72%) | 3894 (39.88%) | 2250 (36.39%) | 0.002 |
Working condition and schedule | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Regular daytime work | 5682 (44.64%) | 4222 (50.59%) | 1460 (32.71%) |  |
 Shift work | 3202 (19.92%) | 2222 (21.18%) | 980 (17.39%) |  |
 Retired | 3721 (18.39%) | 1735 (13.56%) | 1986 (28.06%) |  |
 Unable to work/Disabled | 1464 (6.55%) | 558 (3.82%) | 906 (12.02%) |  |
 Not working/Looking for work | 1897 (10.50%) | 1202 (10.84%) | 695 (9.82%) |  |
Working hours | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 ≤ 40 h | 12,724 (73.69%) | 7575 (70.98%) | 5149 (79.13%) |  |
 > 40 h | 3235 (26.29%) | 2358 (28.99%) | 877 (20.87%) |  |
Taking medicines | 10,153 (63.03%) | 5082 (52.56%) | 5071 (84.01%) | < 0.001 |
Self-reported oral health | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Excellent | 1943 (14.66%) | 1318 (15.92%) | 625 (12.15%) |  |
 Very good | 3061 (22.85%) | 2077 (24.41%) | 984 (19.72%) |  |
 Good | 5260 (33.61%) | 3275 (33.23%) | 1985 (34.37%) |  |
 Fair | 3591 (18.63%) | 2154 (17.87%) | 1437 (20.15%) |  |
 Poor | 2111 (10.26%) | 1115 (8.58%) | 996 (13.61%) |  |
Number of lost teeth | 5.17 ± 7.80 | 4.03 ± 6.82 | 7.44 ± 9.03 | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 9864 (60.01%) | 4605 (45.71%) | 5259 (88.67%) | < 0.001 |
Elevated FPG | 6191 (33.97%) | 2086 (18.43%) | 4105 (65.12%) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 8527 (47.00%) | 3584 (30.55%) | 4943 (79.98%) | < 0.001 |
Low HDL | 7252 (42.91%) | 2197 (22.26%) | 5055 (84.29%) | < 0.001 |
Elevated TG | 8109 (49.07%) | 2868 (29.41%) | 5241 (88.47%) | < 0.001 |
Short sleep | 2277 (12.05%) | 935 (8.00%) | 1342 (20.18%) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 3838 (22.27%) | 1563 (14.99%) | 2275 (36.87%) | < 0.001 |