Table 7 Quantitative synthesis of the outcomes in the included studies

Rapone et al.

CAL (mm)

Reduction from baseline (mean)

Not reported

 ≤ 0.0001

PPD (mm)

Reduction from baseline (mean)

Not reported

 ≤ 0.0001

Bleeding on Probing (BOP)

Significant improvement

Not reported

 ≤ 0.0001

Sghaireen et al.

Early Healing Score (EHS)

Significant improvement on day 1

Lower scores on day 1

Not reported

No significant difference on day 5

Not significant

Sinha et al.

Pain Score (VAS)

Lowest in PUA and SA groups

Highest in control group

P< 0.001

Piva et al.

Bacterial Load (CFU)

38% reduction in Fusobacterium nucleatum

Not reported

Not reported

Nicolini et al.

PFZ Index

19.07 (ozonated water)

19.79 (control)

Not significant

Shekhar et al.

CRP (mg/dL)

0.10 (ozonated water)

0.63 (control)

p< 0.001

Pain Score (VAS)

3.50 ± 0.63 (day 7)

37.70 ± 4.17 (day 7)

p< 0.001

Wound Healing Index (WHI)

4.23 ± 0.43 (day 7)

3.07 ± 0.45 (day 7)

p< 0.01

Schneider et al.

Sensitivity Levels

No significant difference

No significant difference

Not significant

Bin Hassan et al.

VAS (Sensitivity)

Less sensitivity with ozone

Higher sensitivity without ozone

p< 0.001

Detogni et al.

VAS (Tooth Sensitivity)

Lower sensitivity with ozone

Higher sensitivity without ozone

Not reported

Santos et al.

Bacterial Counts (CFU/mL)

Reduction from 10^6 to 10^1

Not reported

p< 0.001

Microtensile Bond Strength (µTBS)

Significantly affected by ozone

Not reported

p< 0.001

Ramirez-Peña et al.

Gingival Index

Significant reduction

Not reported

p< 0.0001

Clinical Attachment Level

Significant improvement

Not reported

p< 0.0001

Mobility Index

Reduced by 70–86%

Not reported

p< 0.0001

VAS (Overall Improvement)

Clinically significant

Not reported

p< 0.0001