Table 8 PRISMA_2020_Checklist

TITLE

Yes

Title

1

Identify the report as a systematic review

Yes

ABSTRACT

Yes

Abstract

2

See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist

Yes

INTRODUCTION

Yes

Rationale

3

Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge

Yes

Objectives

4

Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses

Yes

METHODS

Yes

Eligibility criteria

5

Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review and how studies were grouped for the syntheses

Yes

Information sources

6

Specify all databases, registers, websites, organizations, reference lists and other sources searched or consulted to identify studies. Specify the date when each source was last searched or consulted

Yes

Search strategy

7

Present the full search strategies for all databases, registers and websites, including any filters and limits used

Yes

Selection process

8

Specify the methods used to decide whether a study met the inclusion criteria of the review, including how many reviewers screened each record and each report retrieved, whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process

Yes

Data collection process

9

Specify the methods used to collect data from reports, including how many reviewers collected data from each report, whether they worked independently, any processes for obtaining or confirming data from study investigators, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process

Yes

Data items

10 a

List and define all outcomes for which data were sought. Specify whether all results that were compatible with each outcome domain in each study were sought (e.g. for all measures, time points, analyses), and if not, the methods used to decide which results to collect

Yes

10 b

List and define all other variables for which data were sought (e.g. participant and intervention characteristics, funding sources). Describe any assumptions made about any missing or unclear information

Yes

Study risk of bias assessment

11

Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies, including details of the tool(s) used, how many reviewers assessed each study and whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process

No

Effect measures

12

Specify for each outcome the effect measure(s) (e.g. risk ratio, mean difference) used in the synthesis or presentation of results

No

Synthesis methods

13a

Describe the processes used to decide which studies were eligible for each synthesis (e.g. tabulating the study intervention characteristics and comparing against the planned groups for each synthesis (item #5))

Yes

13b

Describe any methods required to prepare the data for presentation or synthesis, such as handling of missing summary statistics, or data conversions

Yes

13 c

Describe any methods used to tabulate or visually display results of individual studies and syntheses

Yes

13d

Describe any methods used to synthesize results and provide a rationale for the choice(s). If meta-analysis was performed, describe the model(s), method(s) to identify the presence and extent of statistical heterogeneity, and software package(s) used

Yes

13e

Describe any methods used to explore possible causes of heterogeneity among study results (e.g. subgroup analysis, meta-regression)

Yes

13f

Describe any sensitivity analyses conducted to assess robustness of the synthesized results

Yes

Reporting bias assessment

14

Describe any methods used to assess risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis (arising from reporting biases)

No

Certainty assessment

15

Describe any methods used to assess certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for an outcome

Yes

Study selection

16a

Describe the results of the search and selection process, from the number of records identified in the search to the number of studies included in the review, ideally using a flow diagram

Yes

16b

Cite studies that might appear to meet the inclusion criteria, but which were excluded, and explain why they were excluded

Yes

Study characteristics

17

Cite each included study and present its characteristics

Yes

Risk of bias in studies

18

Present assessments of risk of bias for each included study

No

Results of individual studies

19

For all outcomes, present, for each study: (a) summary statistics for each group (where appropriate) and (b) an effect estimate and its precision (e.g. confidence/credible interval), ideally using structured tables or plots

Yes

Results of syntheses

20a

For each synthesis, briefly summaries the characteristics and risk of bias among contributing studies

Yes

20b

Present results of all statistical syntheses conducted. If meta-analysis was done, present for each the summary estimate and its precision (e.g. confidence/credible interval) and measures of statistical heterogeneity. If comparing groups, describe the direction of the effect

Yes

20c

Present results of all investigations of possible causes of heterogeneity among study results

Yes

20d

Present results of all sensitivity analyses conducted to assess the robustness of the synthesized results

Yes

Reporting biases

21

Present assessments of risk of bias due to missing results (arising from reporting biases) for each synthesis assessed

No

Certainty of evidence

22

Present assessments of certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed

Yes

DISCUSSION

Yes

Discussion

23a

Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence

Yes

23b

Discuss any limitations of the evidence included in the review

Yes

23c

Discuss any limitations of the review processes used

Yes

23d

Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research

Yes

OTHER INFORMATION

Yes

Registration of protocol

24a

Provide registration information for the review, including register name and registration number, or state that the review was not registered

No

24b

Indicate where the review protocol can be accessed, or state that a protocol was not prepared

No

24c

Describe and explain any amendments to information provided at registration or in the protocol

No

Support

25

Describe sources of financial or non-financial support for the review, and the role of the funders or sponsors in the review

Yes

Competing interests

26

Declare any competing interests of review authors

Yes

Availability of data, code and other materials

27

Report which of the following are publicly available and where they can be found: template data collection forms; data extracted from included studies; data used for all analyses; analytic code; any other materials used in the review

Yes